domingo, 27 de octubre de 2024

My week in Iceland

Sunday, September 29.

In the morning, I woke up at 10, we had a coffee with milk for breakfast and an Icelander picked us up to go to Reykjavik. We stopped at a beach, which was 5 degrees, and had a sauna next to it. The beach looked like a lake, it wasn't open like in Spain, it had houses in front of it. After that we went to the mall, we entered some stores that had very expensive clothes compared to Spain. We saw a roulette that gave you a bag and had prizes like 1000 crowns, 20% discount in a store, and we stop to spin it, I got 1000 crowns for this store, but it didn't open until November so I gave it to my Icelandic. Then we stop to eat, we took some sandwiches from a restaurant and took them to eat with the others, who were in another restaurant, in addition, we had a tap with drinking water and glasses next to take, people could take it without paying. When we finished eating, we went to some recreational games, they gave us a card that let us play everything we wanted in 30 minutes, we played basketball, motorcycles, hockey... When we returned to our homes, it gave us some time to relax in our rooms until dinner was ready, we had chicken with sauce and carrots, broccoli and mashed potatoes. Then, we watched a movie until the others arrived. When they arrived we played a board game in which each of us was assigned a character, and we had to guess who the murderer was. Later we went out to the courtyard to see the northern lights until we went back inside to watch another movie together, until they left.


Monday, September 30

In the morning I woke up early to wash my hair, got ready and went downstairs for breakfast. I had a cup of coffee. He gave us lunch with a note that said "Have a good day!" And a sandwich, bars, chocolate milkshake and a grape taper. We went to the institute on foot since it was close. I thought it was too big for the few that were. He had a giant dining room with music on, many technology rooms, where they even made real houses, a biology workshop and another chemistry workshop, and he also taught us the classes. Then we went to his class to have lunch, when we finished we went to a rock and roll museum, where they had a famous drummer, karaoke, clothes, a movie theater, and much more. Later we went to eat at a hamburger place, they asked us all for the same thing, we Spaniards sat at one table and they at another. Then a bus picked us up and we went to the peninsula, we went to several places, first we went to a beach, we found it curious that it seemed that there was not much life out there. Right there we went to a museum where there were models of houses and old things like phones, tractors... Then we stopped at a church, which had a legend that said it was enchanted, there was a meadow with a small soccer goal and a ball. The next stop was where the tectonic plates were divided, it was full of volcanic sand, we climbed a bridge to look at it from above, then we went down to the sand. Near there, we moved to another beach, also full of sand and volcanic stones, also many shells, the water was very cold and the waves broke hard. The last stop was in some geysers, which were full of sulfur and had machinery that reused hot water by expelling steam. When we went to the house, we were given some time in our room, I started a movie until my Spanish colleagues came to have dinner with us. We had meat soup with carrots, potatoes and vegetables for dinner, he also put Doritos and a toast to spread with butters, at the table we talked about situations in Spain and Iceland and their similarities. When we finished dinner, they put La casa de papel, they had watched it all in Spanish with English subtitles, until two more colleagues arrived, we were talking until friends of our Icelanders arrived. We spent the whole night playing Icelandic and Spanish music, and then we took a walk around the block. My Iceland's sister arrived and we were all talking about this week's plans, until they all left and we went to sleep.


Thursday, October 3

This morning, I showered and washed my hair. Then we went down for breakfast for a coffee with milk. We went to the institute and waited for the bus inside. When it arrived, the trip lasted about 2 hours, until we arrived at a national park, where we were taught nature of Iceland, a river where they used to throw women accused of witchcraft, sexual relations before marriage from a cliff... but it was stopped practiced until about 1735, a cemetery with important people, another river where they throw coins that then go to an association for children... Then, we went back to the bus and went to eat at a farm, we ate hamburger with potatoes, and then an ice cream. We also went to a kind of mattress. When we returned to the bus, we went to see the geysers, there were several, but everyone was watching the biggest one, the one that erupted. There was a moment when we saw it erupt three times in a row, luckily, there was a group of Spaniards who had recorded it and they passed it to us. Then, we went back to the bus and went to see the waterfall, first we entered a souvenir shop, and it was a little late, so we had to run to see the waterfall, since the route was very long. We also saw a glacier from afar. When we returned, we had dinner with my Icelandic and her parents, we had chicken and vegetables for dinner, we were talking to them. After dinner, some colleagues picked us up and we went to a kind of community center, where there was a pool table, ping pong, a mini cinema, dining room, darts... We were there for a long time, also organizing the Friday plan. That place was going to close soon, so we went to an islandic's house, we didn't stay long, because they were tired, so we returned home early.

miércoles, 16 de octubre de 2024

My week in Iceland

ERASMUS RUBEN MARCO My Erasmus experience in Iceland from September 28 to October 5 Everything started on Saturday. I was very excited to finally visit Iceland. The whole group met near the school in case there were any issues with luggage. My aunt had to drop me off because my parents were working. We arrived 15 minutes early and picked up the teachers from their homes so they wouldn't have to walk to the meeting point with their luggage. Once we were all ready, we headed to Alicante airport. We checked in our luggage without any issues and still had an hour to spare before boarding the plane, which we used to walk around the airport. At 10:15, we boarded the plane for a 4-hour flight that felt endless. I had downloaded some movies that kept me entertained for two hours, but the last two hours were unbearable. I kept getting up to stretch my legs and go to the bathroom. During one of those times, I found an iPhone in the bathroom and wondered what to do. I decided to hand it to the flight attendant, which was the best thing I could have done. When we landed, we went to pick up our luggage, and luckily, mine was the first to come out. Joaquín was so desperate that he grabbed a suitcase that wasn’t his. He didn’t even know what color his suitcase was, as it was completely different from the one he took. Once we all had our luggage, it was time for the moment we had all been waiting for—the reunion with our Icelandic hosts. They all looked the same and hadn’t changed a bit, except for Julian, who joined the group since Oule was in America. As we left the airport and headed toward their cars, we realized we were going to be very cold. In the car, they told us they would take us to a supermarket to buy whatever we wanted. But no one bought anything since we were more interested in sleeping than eating, although it gave us a chance to see how expensive Iceland is. Finally, it was time to go to our homes. On the way, I noticed how sparsely populated Iceland is, with large empty fields, few houses, and completely deserted roads. As we say in Spain, "there wasn’t a soul around." When we arrived, I thought the family would be waiting for us, but they were all asleep. Solveig told us to help ourselves to whatever food we wanted. I grabbed a piece of toast with jam, and Carla took some chocolate. Then Solveig showed us the rooms and bathroom, and we finally went to sleep. Day 2 When I woke up, I waited for Carla to get up because I didn’t want to go downstairs alone. While I waited, her father saw the door open, came in, and introduced himself. A few minutes later, Carla woke up, and we both showered. Then we went downstairs and gave them all the gifts we had brought. They opened them while we had breakfast with some coffee. Afterward, Julián and Joaquín arrived, and the three of us got in the car to head to Reykjavík, the capital of Iceland, to have lunch at a mall. Before that, though, they took us to a beach. But it wasn’t a typical beach; it was more like a gulf with no waves, almost like a lake. They explained that people swim at the beach and then go to the spa right across from it. After visiting the beach, we went to the mall nearby. We browsed a few stores, but the prices were incredibly high. We ended up having lunch at SBARRO, where Solveig treated Carla and me. The food was really good. Out of nowhere, Solveig and Amelia left and then came back with cards they had bought for us to play for 30 minutes in an arcade with basketball games, motorbike simulators, etc. After playing, we headed back to their house and relaxed while Solveig's father prepared dinner. He made chicken with a sauce and some vegetables, which was delicious. At dinner, I asked where her mother was, and he told me she was on a trip since she is a flight attendant and was currently in New York. After dinner, we helped clear the table, sat on the couch, and waited for everyone to arrive to watch a movie and play a board game. We watched The Hangover, and after everyone left, we cleaned up and went to bed. Day 3 I showered at 7:30 a.m. since we had to be at the school by 8:00. We quickly had breakfast and went to visit the school. It was huge and had every type of program imaginable. In the carpentry program, they were building wooden houses that they later sold. They gave us a tour of all the classrooms and the entire school. There was a lounge with sofas, video game consoles, a foosball table, and more. Afterward, at 10:30, we visited the Rock 'n' Roll Museum, which showed how rock arrived in Iceland and how it evolved. The museum had a dance floor and a concert hall. They also had several electronic instruments like guitars and drums that we could play with headphones, so no one else could hear us. There was also a soundproof room where we could sing karaoke with music on a TV screen. We spent two hours at the museum, and afterward, we went to a nearby burger place. It had a set menu, so we couldn’t choose our burger, but it was really good. There were tons of sauces to choose from. After lunch, we took a bus tour of the peninsula. Our first stop was at a lighthouse, which was really cool. There was also a campsite and a museum about farming machinery, like old engines and fishing tools. There was a model of an old house and artifacts like sewing machines and telephones. Then we headed to a rift that divides Europe and America, stopping at a small village with a tiny church and cemetery. While walking to the church, we found a soccer ball and a goal, so we played for a bit before continuing to the rift. We took some photos standing between the two continents. From there, we saw geothermal waters with a lot of steam. We were warned not to touch the water because it was very hot. When we arrived, the smell was awful—like boiled eggs and fish. We saw a few factories nearby that used geothermal energy for production. Around 5 p.m., we returned to the school, went home, showered, and went down for dinner. They had made soup, and Amelia, Jorge, and Adriana came to join us. After dinner, we watched a movie, La Casa de Papel, and then went to bed around 10:30. Day 4: I woke up at 7:30 to shower, and we were off to the school by 8:15. After finishing my shower, we went downstairs, had coffee, received our lunch, and walked to the school, where the bus was waiting to take us to Reykholt, Western Iceland. It was a cultural center, where they explained several sagas to us and told us that since writers didn’t have paper, they wrote on cowhide. After we finished, we took a walk outside where there was a cemetery and some churches. We then went to eat at the Settlement Center, which had a buffet. That day, it was a vegan buffet, so everything was vegetables and a bit of pasta, but it was all very good. Later, below the restaurant, there was a shop to buy some souvenirs and a museum where they told us the history of Iceland and a few more sagas. I bought some magnets for my family, and they charged me 28€ for four of them. We headed back to the bus because we had to return to the school. When we got back, we went to their house and spent some time on our phones while they were making dinner. After dinner, Julián and Joaquín came to pick us up because we were going to the pool and spa. Not everyone came, as many didn’t want to go. Only three Spaniards and three Icelanders went. It was great, with various pools of different temperatures. The downside was that it was outdoors, and it was 6 degrees outside, so I didn’t like the temperature change. But luckily, I didn’t get sick. When we left, I went with Julián and Joaquín by car to Amelia’s house. On the way, we stopped because Julián wanted to buy us some pizzas, but I wasn’t hungry since I had eaten well at Solveig’s house. We arrived at Amelia’s house, and they had prepared something for dinner. While we ate, we watched a movie, and then we left because we were late from the spa. We stayed for about an hour, and then Julián took us back to our house. Day 5: We followed the same routine: wake up at the same time, shower, and be at school by 8:00 because the bus was waiting for us. Today, we went to the Perlan Nature Museum, a museum shaped like a sphere, where we learned about the history of animals in Iceland and went to a kind of planetarium, where we watched the northern lights in 8K. It was really good. After the show, we went up to the top floor, where there was a shop and a café. We didn’t buy anything. We went out onto the terrace where there were binoculars, and we could get a great view of Iceland. Then it was time for lunch. We went to Hama University, where we planned to order from the menu, but nobody attended us, so we decided to buy something from the shop. We all got the same thing: a kind of spaghetti with meat. We heated it up in the university microwaves and ate quickly because we had to be at the Saga Museum by 2:45. After hearing all the sagas, we dressed up as knights and took several photos. Next door, there was an ice cream shop with reasonably priced ice creams, so we treated ourselves. After finishing our ice creams, we walked to the Flyover, a room that fit about 20 people. We sat down, fastened our seatbelts, and were lifted forward toward a screen, where we saw all of Iceland while being moved and sprayed with water for extra realism. That was the last thing we did that day. We headed back to our rooms, and later for dinner, we went to Juliana’s house, where they had bought pizzas. We stayed there until her parents arrived, and since it was late, we went home. Day 6: We woke up a little later today because the bus was leaving at 8:30. We went downstairs, had our coffee as usual, and headed to the school. We took the bus to Halldór Laxness’s house, but it was closed because we arrived too early. So, we took a 10-minute walk around the house, which had a river nearby. When they opened, they gave us some headphones and an MP3 player, and as we walked through the house, the audio explained how the writer lived. When we left the house, we saw a pool in the garden and touched the water. To our surprise, it was warm, and there was a view of the river and the mountains. Next, we went to Pingvellir National Park, where the cracks separating the European and American continents are located. There were many rivers, and we weren’t allowed to throw coins. They showed us the cemetery of ordinary people and that of the wealthy, which was right next to it. Walking further, we reached a bridge where coins were allowed, and the place was full of them. After visiting the bathroom, we went to a fancy restaurant, which was like a farm. The menu was fixed: either a burger or soup. We all ordered burgers, and afterward, we went downstairs to the ice cream shop because a two-scoop ice cream was included with the meal. We ate it while watching the farm, as the walls were made of glass, and we could see all the cows. Afterwards, we headed to see the geyser, the second largest, as the first one hadn’t erupted in 50 years. Luckily, we found a bench to sit on and waited. It took about two minutes between eruptions. The first one was small, but the third one was amazing. We couldn’t stay longer because we were being rushed to go see the waterfalls. That was the highlight of the day; the waterfall was incredible, and we spent about 30 minutes there before heading back to the school, which took over three hours. Once back at the house, they sent us to our room again, and after an hour, we were called for dinner. It was chicken with vegetables, and it was delicious. They didn’t want to tell us the evening plans because it was a surprise. After dinner, Julián and Joaquín picked us up, and we went to a social center where local youth gathered. The center had everything: a kitchen, a cinema, ping-pong, foosball, pool, darts, video games—everything! And nothing was stolen, which wouldn’t happen in Spain. We stayed there for a while and then went to Amelia’s house. Day 7: We had to be at school by 8:00. We had our coffee and walked to the school, where we entered a classroom. They gave us laptops, and we worked on some sagas. After that, they gave us diplomas and gifts from the school. Then we took the car and went to the supermarket to buy food. I bought a lasagna and a milkshake, and we went to Solveig’s house to eat. Afterwards, we took a nap because we were going out at night. At 6:00, we had boiled sausages for dinner. We all met up, and around 9 or 10, we went to a friend’s house for a party.

miércoles, 9 de octubre de 2024

MY WEEK IN ICELAND (Adriana Lidón)

 

My week on Iceland by Adriana Lidón


This week we have been able to learn a lot about the history and nature of Iceland

To learn about its history we have been to places like the Rock'n'roll museum where we learned things about famous artists and their music; Snorrastofa, a cultural and mediaval center; the exhibitions at the settlement center where they told us Icelandic sagas, we also went to the Perlan museum which was my favorite museum because it has an ice cave, some exhibitions about volcanoes and the planetarium which was incredible; We also went to the National History Museum where we learned a lot about the objects that were there; the saga museum where they also told us Icelandic sagas and last but not least we went to Gljúfrasteinn, home of Nobel prize winner Halldór where we learned about his life.


Nature:

To learn about its nature, we took a bus and toured the Reykjanes Peninsula, we saw an old cathedral called Hvalsneskirkja and the hanging rock where people were killed, we also went to þingvellir national park where we took some incredible photos and we could enjoy nature; we also saw the geysir which was quite impressive although the water it gave off smelled quite bad, and finally we saw the spectacular gullfoss water fall and geothermal zones. 

About the nature of Iceland I can say that it is beautiful, we have constantly contemplated beautiful landscapes such as the Bolearian auroras that left us all speechless, snow-capped mountains and large green fields full of life.

We were also able to learn about the educational system there and its facilities, traditions and how they live in Iceland living with our classmates. 

In conclusion, it has been an unforgettable experience in which we have had a lot of fun while we have learned many interesting things.








 Gullfoss water fall











                                   

 Rock'n'roll museum
                                                                           





 Perlan museum











Geothermal zones




The hanging rock

lunes, 7 de octubre de 2024

MY WEEK ON ICELAND (Joaquin Trigueros)

       


      SUNDAY

Our first day in Iceland was Sunday. We woke up late because the trip had left us very tired. And around 12 or 1 we went to a shopping center in Reykjavík, where we ate in something similar to a pizzeria where they only sold slices, they told us that it was a famous franchise in Iceland.

After eating, they surprised us by taking us to a recreational area where they invited us for half an hour playing whatever we wanted. There were many tourists but also some local children. It was a very cool moment where we played with our Icelandic and Spanish teammates, this helped us all loosen up.

When we were done, we took a quick walk around looking at things, not buying, because everything was very expensive. Finally we went home where I rested and took a shower.

When it got dark we went to Solveig's house where they played a rather boring game that no Spaniard knew how to play, but the most important thing about the night was that we were able to see the northern lights.


MONDAY

Monday Monday we were seeing the lighthouse that marked the end of the peninsula we were on, and the highlight of that day was going to meet the Icelandic horses. They were owned by one of the Icelanders' teachers and we were certainly surprised by their size. They were much smaller than the ones we were used to and they also told us about how proud the Icelanders were of their horses, which we confirmed when we saw a lot every time we went somewhere. Despite their size they were very strong and robust. After the activities we each went home and after resting we went to Solveig's house for dinner.


TUESDAY

At the beginning of Tuesday, the first thing we did was take the bus to a museum where they gave us a talk about what sagas were and the origin of saga writers. After that and after a short trip, we arrived hungry at a buffet where we tried butter and different salts, especially a black salt that stood out that had that color due to the volcanic activity and the color of the land of Iceland. After eating we went to a museum where we all had fun. It was another museum dedicated to the sagas but where everything was told with sculptures. When we finished all the activities at home the whole family was waiting where after showering we had something like minced meat burgers and spices for dinner. I liked it quite a bit. Afterwards we had arranged to meet a few people to take us to some municipal swimming pools where the water was very hot and there were different bathtubs for different temperatures, there was also a sauna.


WENDSDAY

Wednesday we had the pleasure of going to the Perlan, the natural history museum, where we were surprised that upon entering a stream of water rose to the roof of the facility. We learned about extinct and still existing breeds in Iceland. And we ended up watching a video about active volcanoes and a northern lights planetarium. After that we went to a nearby university where we ate and rested, and then went to the national history museum. We did some work explaining what we thought was interesting and we played chess. After a while, we went to visit another different saga museum that was also decorated with very cool statues. When they left, everyone wanted to go to an ice cream parlor and then enter the fly over where it was spectacular to see all of Iceland as if they were really flying over it. At night we had pizza at Juliana's house and played different games.


THURSDAY

Thursday we went by bus to the fault where two tectonic plates collided, the American and the European. They explained to us that the first meeting of the Icelandic parliament was there and the importance of that place. It was a long walk but it was worth it for the amount of beautiful landscapes we saw. Afterwards we went to eat at a farm where the hamburgers and ice cream we ate were from the own cows they had there. Everything was very good. Then one of the most surprising things was going to see an active heiser and seeing several eruptions, it was very impressive to be so close and see it in close-up. We had to ask for videos of the eruptions from some Spanish women we passed there because we couldn't record it. And what surprised me most was undoubtedly an impressive waterfall, we were amazed by the force with which the water came down and how enormous the waterfall was. At night we went to a social center where they had foosball screens, a pool table and darts. After a while we went to Amelia's house.


FRIDAY

We spent the morning at the institute doing work, this until 12 and then we went home. I took mine home to solve my problem at lunchtime because mine was going to peel. Then I spent the afternoon at home until we went to a small party at a friend of the Icelanders' house.

viernes, 4 de octubre de 2024

Spanish visitors in Iceland

 The Spanish group arrived to Iceland after midnight on Sunday morning. The Icelandic students picked up their guests and headed home for some sleep. On Sunday the group visited the staples and Kristjana told the students all about the Icelandic horse. 


Monday the 30th of September the program started. The Spanish students got to see our school before we headed out to see the Reykjanes peninsula. We learned about Gunna who ended up as a ghost and killed a priest. The story of Gunna is one of many folktale stories from the area. We saw the church at Hvalsnes and heard about the priest Hallgrímur Pétursson which was the most famous psalm poet in Iceland in the 16th century. Next we saw the hanging cliff and then the Bridge between continents. We ended our visit at Gunnuhver, where the aforementioned ghost Gunna is supposed to be staying.


On Tuesday we headed up to Reykholt where the famous Snorri Sturluson lived in the 12th century. He is famous for being a writer and a poet. He wrote for example Heimskringla, stories about Norse kings and many believe he also wrote the Saga of Egill Skallagrímsson. After hearing about Snorri we went to Borgarnes and learned more about the settlement of Iceland and the story of Egill.

Wednesday was spent in the city. We got to see wonders of the nature in Perlan museum, walked in an ice cave and learned about glaciers and animals that live in the country. In the National museum of Iceland we learned about the heritage and history in Iceland. In the Saga museum we experienced the Icelandic sagas, from the settlers that came to the country and historical moments that happened in the first centuries after the settlers decided to live in Iceland.


Thursday was a fun day. We got to see where the famous author Halldór Kiljan Laxness lived. He is the only author in Iceland to have won the Nobel Prize in Literature. We then went to Þingvellir, a historic site known for the Alþing, the site of Iceland´s parliament from the 10th to 18th centuries. We also got to see the grave of the poet Jónas Hallgrímsson. He is known for being one of the most beloved poets in Iceland and his birthday has been officially recognised in Iceland as the Day of the Icelandic Language. After visiting Þingvellir we went to see Strokkur, a fountain-type geyser that erupts 15-20 meters up in the air. At last we went to see the Gullfoss waterfall in the Hvítá river canyon. 


Garðskagaviti lighthouse, built in 1897. Was replaced by a larger lighthouse in 1944.




Church at Hvalsnes, concecrated in 1887. Oldest records of a church in this place date back to around 1200 AD.



A rock carving of Hallgrímur Pétursson, Icelandic poet. The carving was made by Páll from Húsafell.



Gallows Cliffs. According to legend, criminals were hanged here for their crimes. 


 
The story of Gunna claims that her spirits were trapped in the mudpools after her death.


Gunnuhver, mud springs.


Learning about Snorri Sturluson at Snorrastofa in Reykholt. 




Learning about glaciers in Perlan museum.







Timeline recounting the disappearance of glaciers in our world. 


At the Saga Museum we dressed up as vikings. 


Gljúfrasteinn was the home of Halldór Laxness, a Nobel Prize winning writer. 


The church at Þingvellir, national park. Þingvellir is where the Alþing was founded in 930, making it the oldest legislating body in the world. 



Gullfoss waterfall.
























National History RUBEN MARCO

Norse people ,Irish monks, Romans?The text explains that some believe that before the Norse colonization of Iceland, the island was inhabited by Irish monks (Papar) or even Romans. However, no solid archaeological evidence of settlement prior to the 9th century has been found, except for Roman coins and pottery. The text describes domestic artifacts of iron, stone, and wood found on old farms. Many were made from local materials and changed little over the centuries. Among the objects found include medieval keys, iron and stone oil lamps, narrow shovels for digging and sharpening stones used at different times. The text explains the importance of the horse in Iceland for transportation and agricultural work, as well as as a status symbol. Various equestrian equipment found is described, such as stirrups, spurs, buckles and bridle ornaments, many made of iron. Settlers used tools such as millstones to grind grain, soapstone pots and pans (a heat-resistant stone), and shells as cooking utensils. They also used slate baking plates and spits to cook meat over a fire. Churches in Iceland were built with ornate wood and doors decorated with large iron rings, often made locally. These rings, some with silver rosettes and engravings, date from around 1200 AD, with Romanesque and Gothic style designs. Textile production in Iceland used equipment such as stone spindles and loom weights, essential tools for spinning wool and producing vaðmál (cloth). These instruments, used since the first years of colonization, remained almost unchanged until the 20th century. In the 14th century, fishing grew rapidly in Iceland, prompting the development of ports and fishing stations. Hooks were used for sharks, valued for their liver, as well as harpoons for seals, whose fats were exported. Whale ribs were also used as skids for boats and stone sinkers for fishing lines. The oldest textile fragments from Iceland are made from vaðmál, a woven woolen fabric, used for most clothing. Although knitting arrived in the 16th century, a medieval mitten made with the needle rolling technique, an ancient method, has been found. This technique persisted into the 20th century to make milk sieves. Bone and bronze pins, sewn shoes, and bronze and sewing needles have also been found. Bishop Guðbrandur Portáksson of Hólar was a prominent cultural leader known for his editorial work and his appreciation of fine objects. Among the items attributed to him are a bowl of food, a travel bag with silver cutlery, a Belgian beer jug ​​from 1583, and a small ivory goblet. Also noteworthy are brass accessories from a Bible bound in 1623 and a chest carved by him, passed down in his family. In the Middle Ages, piety and religious practices were fundamental in society, with the Church present in all aspects of life. People used crosses and talismans for protection and went on pilgrimages in search of salvation. Although the Reformation prohibited the veneration of images, some religious objects, such as crucifixes and talismans carved from bones, were still in use. In addition, wealthy families donated wedding pews to churches, such as the carved pew in Skarð Church.

National History Museum by Carla Rodríguez

                                                     National History Museum

  • Luxury Goods

They were imported, mainly, from mainland Europe. The work of Islandic craftsmanship often reflects foreign influences.




  • Bishop's Vestments

Bishop Jón Arason presented Hólar Cathedral with a set of bishop's vestments and an altarpiece which may still be seen above the altar in the cathedral.



  • Changes in Farming Practices

Cultivation of cereal and production of bog iron were almost abandoned in the latter Middle Ages, because these came to be imported. The Icelanders had been self sufficient almost in everything, but in this period of time, they began to import items from abroad.




  • Handcrafts


This was practiced on all farms. It was necessary for each home to be self-sufficient. Many craftsmen also made and sold items. Some were of all kind, while others specialized in  carpentry or metalwork.








  • Foreign trade


The king of Norway and Iceland, thought it was his right to control trade with his dominions. He tried to confine trade with Iceland to the town of Bergen, which was the centre of the Norwegian fish trade. The king gave the merchants of Bergen a licence to trade with the Icelanders, in return he demanded one quarter of the space in the ships’ hold.




  • The Old Covenant


In the mid-13th century, the Icelanders became subjects of the King of Norway, in the hope that he would end the internal battles that plagued them. Which marked the end of its independence. 


  • Christ the King.


The figure is carved in birchwood in the Romanesque style. It was originally painted. The crucifix hung in the church at Ufsir. It is believed to be made in Iceland.



  • Adoption of Christianity


In the 11th century, the King of Norway, started pressuring the Icelanders to adopt the Christianity, which they did at a session of the parliament, but retained the right to continue pagan practices in private.


  • Jewellery and Ornaments


Most of the earliest jewellery is ornaments similarly to that from Viking Age Scandinavia. The most frequent finds are women’s brooches, which were used to fasten the overtunics at the shoulders.




  • Woolworking


Sheep’s wool was used for all garments. During the winter the wool was worked, which was an important export in medieval times. Pierced stones, loom weights, were used to pull the vertical threads taut on the loom.



National History Museum by Adriana Lidón

 NATIONAL HISTORY MUSEUM


10 things that I found interesting in the National History Museum



The first thing that called my attention was this huge chest made out of wood because it has carved images on it





This renaissance-style chest is from Hamburg. It is said to have belonged to Pàll Jónsson, a wealthy district commissioner in West Iceland.






On the front of the chest are depicted three virtues, Hope, Charity and Justice. Hope is depicted with a man sitting in the stocks, hoping for freedom, Charity with a child and this one called Justice, with the sword of punishment.








The second thing that absolutely caught my attention was this huge boat that almost occupies the entire wall


This right here is a model of a two masted schooner, built in Demark in 1874-75 it was 40 gross tons. A model made by shipwright Hálfdán Bjarnason of Ísafjöröur.


The schooner fishery started around 1800 until 1920, they stayed out at sea for weeks, salting the catch of board.






Another thing that i found interesting was this warp-weighted loom because its interesting how difficult was making clothes in those times with that big machine


The warp-weighted loom was familiar in Europe in ancient times.


Looms of this kind remained in use in Iceland until the 19th century.


In a day’s work, a good weaver could produce around half a meter of meter-wide cloth.








The first thing that caught my attention the moment I step foot in the museum were this medieval keys and locks, some of them are keys to chests and have been found in graves, so its likely that the belongings of the buried person were in those chests.









Saddle ornaments


This are crupper bosses and plaques, 17th-18th century engraved with prayers and decoration.


This ornaments called my attention because of its shape and holes












Iceland has some of the best fishing ground in the world, during the 14th century fish was exported to Europe in larger quantities than before, Stockfish and fishliver oil became Iceland’s major exports.


Demand for fishoil used for street lightning increased. With the spread of Christianity demand also grew for fish that could be eaten during fasts.


It call my interest due to the difference in size and thickness between the hooks.










Rune stick


This rune stick is carved with the runic alphabet and a magical spell, stick from the 16th-18th century.


I found this stick interesting because I love runes








Farewell to Arms


Two things from here called my attention firstly the sword from de top left which is from around 1550 AD and it was found in north west of Ódáóahraun, and secondly the huge sword from the middle, it's a weapon with chopping-blade and spear-head, its from around 1600 AD. These were common weapons at the time.



I put my eye on them because I really like old weapons and it's very interesting how they have been changing and being perfected with the time.






And last but not least we have this table with a lot of accessories, the necklaces really caught my attention, this were often worn by women. Most of the beads are glass or amber, while some are stone.

I also loved the two armbands from de left, it were found on a grave, one is made of silver and the other of jet.


Natural History Museum by Jorge Pacheco

 NATIONAL HISTORY MUSEUM




1.Accessories

The combs are interesting because in those years it was not very important to comb your hair, they found three in a grave. They also found two armbands in the same grave and four decorations buttons

These are displayed in the museum because these combs are from a time in which those who had access to the combs were considered high-powered people with a series of privileges that the rest did not have









2. Utensils for preparing food

Excavations revealed remains of some dairy products, a milk curd that remains a staple food today.

They also found a cooking pot made of stone, two stories and a large stone with a hole in the center. This was placed on the fire and was used to cook the food that was placed on top.

They used shells as spoons and scrapers.

This is in the museum so that new generations can see the utensils that they used to have for cooking.










3. Brooches

They used clover-shaped brooches to hold the clothes they wore.

Later, more brooches were found with different shapes and made of different materials. There were brooches in silver, gold, bronze and even copper.

It is important that they are displayed in the museum because they are the essence of the way of life of the past.
















4. Masks

These pieces are masks that are made with cast iron, there are some more valuable ones that are made of silver or even gold. They made them to give as an offering to the gods.












5.Skins

Hairy fabrics in which tufts of wool were woven

With these fabrics they made their clothing and blankets to protect themselves from the cold. 

They are exposed so that we realize that they had to find a life to survive the cold.











6. Crucifix

It was a crucifix, the cross of which was lost and currently only the part of the body with a human shape carved in wood remains.

This is in the museum because it is a sign of those that were lost during the wars that have passed through the country.











7.Cross

 Cross that presided over the altar of the church of Draflastaōir

It is in the museum because there are not many crosses left and as significant as this one in Iceland.











8. Gold chalice and paten from the cathedral

This chalice and paten set is very characteristic since the chalice is made of gold with very visible carvings and the paten is made of silver and its design is very simple.













9. Necklace with a “cursed” crucifix, by a spell of a witch

It is said that this necklace belonged to a monk who doubted the credibility of a woman who claimed to be a witch and to prove to her that she was, he cursed the crucifix on the man's necklace.











10. Ornaments for horse saddles, with inscriptions and silhouettes.

These were used to know that the owner of that horse had power and prestige and was capable of having enough horses despite the bad times they lived in at that time.

They are in the museum because they are a sign of the love that was and is had for horses in Iceland.
















Jorge Pacheco Vilella